How to choose a Bushcraft Knife

The knife is classed by many as the single most important tool you can have in a survival situation, and choosing the right one can make all the difference. Unlike general-purpose knives, bushcraft knives are crafted specifically for wilderness tasks like carving, fire-starting, building shelters, and food preparation. Choosing a bushcraft knife requires attention to several key factors that will determine how well it meets your needs in the outdoors.

What is a Bushcraft Knife

Bushcraft knives are designed to be versatile tools in the wild. They typically feature a fixed blade and come in a range of blade styles, sizes, and materials, all aimed at making essential outdoor tasks easier. Here are some fundamental characteristics of bushcraft knives:

Fixed Blade:

Unlike folding knives, a fixed-blade knife provides greater stability and strength, ideal for the rugged activities associated with bushcraft.

Full Tang:

A full-tang knife has a blade that extends through the entire handle, enhancing durability and making it less likely to break under pressure.

Blade Geometry:

Bushcraft knives typically feature specific blade shapes and grinds that make tasks like carving and batoning (splitting wood) easier.

(An example of a full tang, with a single piece of metal forming the blade and handle)

Carbon Steel or Stainless Steel?

The blade material is crucial in determining a knife’s durability, ease of maintenance, and suitability for bushcraft.

Carbon Steel Blades:

Carbon steel blades are known for their durability and edge retention, making them popular in bushcraft knives. They are easy to sharpen, even with basic stones, which is helpful when you’re far from modern sharpening tools. However, carbon steel is prone to rust, requiring regular maintenance and cleaning to prevent corrosion.

Stainless Steel Blades:

Stainless steel blades are more resistant to rust and corrosion, making them ideal for wet or humid environments. They may not retain an edge as long as carbon steel, but they are easier to maintain in less-than-ideal conditions. They are also more challenging to sharpen, especially in the field.

Choosing between carbon and stainless steel largely depends on the environment where you’ll be using the knife and your willingness to maintain it.

Blade Length and Thickness

The blade length and thickness determine the knife’s versatility for different tasks. The most common range for bushcraft knives falls between 3.5 and 6 inches, but the ideal size varies depending on personal preferences and intended tasks.

Shorter Blades (3.5-4 inches):

These are easier to control for precise carving, whittling, and other detail work. They’re ideal for preparing tinder, crafting traps, and performing other intricate bushcraft tasks.

Longer Blades (5-6 inches):

Longer blades provide more leverage, making them suitable for tasks like batoning and chopping. However, they are harder to control for fine tasks and can be bulky.

Blade Thickness:

Thicker blades (around 4-5 mm) are stronger and better suited for tasks like batoning, while thinner blades (2-3 mm) offer more flexibility and precision for tasks like feathering sticks. A thickness of around 3.5 mm is often considered a balanced choice for all-around bushcraft use.

(It’s important to get the right size. Something like this would be great at splitting wood but it might be awkward to butcher an animal or wood crafting)

Blade Grind Types

The grind of a blade refers to the cross-sectional shape of the blade, which affects how it cuts, carves, and holds its edge. Here are some common grinds used in bushcraft knives:

Scandi Grind:

This is the most popular grind for bushcraft. With a flat bevel, it excels at carving wood and is easy to sharpen. It is highly effective for making feather sticks and other essential tasks.

Flat Grind:

A flat grind features a taper from the spine to the edge, offering a balance between durability and sharpness. It’s versatile but may not perform as well in woodwork compared to the Scandi grind.

Convex Grind:

Convex grinds are known for their durability and edge retention, making them excellent for heavy-duty tasks. They have a slight curve, which makes them ideal for chopping but harder to sharpen without specific tools.

Hollow Grind:

A hollow grind has a concave shape, which creates a very sharp edge. However, it’s not ideal for heavy bushcraft tasks like batoning, as the thin edge may chip or wear down quickly.

Each grind has its advantages and drawbacks, so choosing the best one depends on your priorities, be it durability, sharpness, or ease of maintenance.

(A strong and safe sheath is necessary when carrying any kind of blades)

Handle Material and Ergonomics

A comfortable, durable handle is essential, as bushcraft activities often require extended knife use. Here are some common materials and considerations for bushcraft knife handles:

Wood Handles:

Wood handles provide a comfortable grip and traditional aesthetic. However, they may become slippery when wet and may require maintenance to prevent drying or cracking.

Micarta Handles:

Micarta is a durable, lightweight material made from layers of fabric or paper and resin. It offers excellent grip even when wet and is highly resistant to wear, making it ideal for tough outdoor conditions.

Rubber or Polymer Handles:

These materials are commonly found in modern bushcraft knives and offer a strong grip even when wet. Rubberized handles are especially good for comfort and shock absorption during heavy-duty tasks.

Handle Ergonomics:

Ergonomics are as important as the handle material. Look for a handle that fits comfortably in your hand, provides a secure grip, and reduces hand fatigue. Some bushcraft knives come with finger grooves or textured handles to improve control and prevent slippage.

Sheath Options

The sheath is often an overlooked part of a bushcraft knife but is vital for safe carrying and quick accessibility. Here are some factors to consider:

Material:

Leather sheaths are durable and traditional but can become stiff or even rot if they get wet. Kydex and nylon sheaths are waterproof and provide excellent durability, though they may not have the classic appeal of leather.

Retention:

A good sheath should securely hold the knife to prevent it from falling out during movement. Some sheaths come with snaps or straps, while others rely on friction to retain the knife.

Belt Attachment:

Most sheaths come with belt loops, but some offer additional carrying options like horizontal carry or MOLLE compatibility. This can be particularly useful if you want to carry the knife in different positions for easy access.

Fire Steel Loop:

Some bushcraft knife sheaths come with an additional loop for carrying fire steel, making it convenient to start a fire in survival situations.

Versatility and Use-Cases

Before purchasing a bushcraft knife, think about the range of tasks you plan to perform. The ideal bushcraft knife can handle a variety of jobs like carving, batoning, fire-starting, and food preparation. Here’s how different features contribute to versatility:

Carving and Whittling:

For detailed work, look for a knife with a Scandi grind and a comfortable handle, as you’ll need precision and control.

Chopping and Batoning:

A thicker blade with a convex grind is ideal for chopping and batoning wood. A full-tang design is essential here for durability.

Fire-Starting:

Many bushcraft knives come with a 90-degree spine, allowing you to scrape a fero rod to create sparks. This feature can be invaluable for survival situations where reliable fire-starting tools are essential.

Weight and Portability

Weight is another important consideration for a bushcraft knife, especially if you’ll be carrying it over long distances. Heavy-duty knives are often larger and bulkier, making them better suited for established campsites rather than extended hikes. Lightweight knives are easier to carry but may lack the durability of a heavier model. Ideally, aim for a knife that balances portability and functionality.

Budget Considerations

Bushcraft knives range widely in price, from affordable models to high-end custom knives. Your budget may limit certain features, but even mid-range bushcraft knives often offer excellent performance and durability. Here’s what to expect in each price range:

Budget Knives ($30-$60):

These knives are generally functional but may use lower-quality materials. They’re good for beginners or as backup knives.

Mid-Range Knives ($60-$150):

In this range, you’ll find durable materials, well-designed grinds, and reliable construction. These are excellent all-around options for most bushcraft needs.

High-End Knives ($150+):

High-end knives often use premium materials, custom designs, and detailed craftsmanship. These knives are designed for enthusiasts and professionals who need top-tier performance. Be careful to make sure it is actually as high quality as the seller claims, and not just a sales tactic.

Testing and Maintenance

Once you’ve chosen a bushcraft knife, it’s important to familiarize yourself with it and keep it well-maintained. Here are some steps:

Testing the Knife:

Before you head into the wild, try out your knife with tasks like carving wood, batoning small logs, and starting a fire. This helps you understand its strengths and weaknesses.

Sharpening and Maintenance:

Regular sharpening keeps your knife effective and safe. Many bushcraft knives can be sharpened with a basic sharpening stone, but some grinds may require specific sharpening tools. For carbon steel knives, be sure to clean and oil the blade regularly to prevent rust.

Storage:

When not in use, store your knife in a dry, safe place to prevent moisture buildup. Avoid storing it in a leather sheath for extended periods, as moisture can accumulate and cause rust.